The Reference List That Cites Nothing: How AI Fabricates Academic Sources — and How They Reach Print

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By Blessing Georgina, Business Analyst, Global AI Quality Standards

Executive Model Scorecard

Models Tested

GPT-3.5/4

636 Citations Analyzed

Fabrication Rate

55% / 18%

GPT-3.5 vs GPT-4

V7 Intelligence Report

Nairobi in the Blind Spot: What Happened When We Tested Leading AI Models on Kenyan Geography

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By Blessing Georgina, Business Analyst, Global AI Quality Standards

Executive Model Scorecard

Models Tested

Major LLMs (WorldBench)

Factual Error Rate

1.5× Higher

Sub-Saharan Africa vs N. America